Block copolymers are a type of polymer composed of two or more chemically distinct repeat units or blocks connected in a single chain. These polymers are characterized by their unique phase-separated microstructures, which can form various ordered patterns, such as lamellae, cylinders, or spheres. Block copolymers have a wide range of applications in materials science, including self-assembly for nanotechnology, drug delivery systems, coatings, adhesives, and membranes. The ability to control the microstructure and properties of block copolymers through synthesis and processing techniques makes them attractive for a variety of industrial and research applications. Additionally, the versatility and tunability of block copolymers have made them a popular area of study in polymer science and engineering.